History of Europe as a Supranational Region: Primary Documents

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See Also: European Sources by Topic

Prehistory to 1000

Interactive maps of megalithic and other prehistoric sites throughout Europe.
(Prehistoric)
Bielefeld [u.a.]: Velhagen & Klasing 1886.
Historical atlas digitized by Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
(Tribal migrations through 18th century; facsimile maps with commentary, mainly of Germany and Europe)
Historical and geographical maps of Europe over the last two thousand years.
See especially Antique Maps.
(1 AD - 1700; facsimiles)
Account of Arminius and his victory against the Romans in Teutoburg Forest.
Latin title: De pugna Arminii (Quomodo pugna in saltu Teutoburgiensi facta sit).
(9 AD; English translation)
This book is an excellent collection of primary sources, including dozens of important historical documents from multiple countries, as well as from international treaties and church history.
Edict of Milan (313)
Magna Carta (1215)
Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
Council of Trent (1545–1563)
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
(313–1870s A.D.; facsimile; English introduction with documents in other languages)
Sourcing given (fore, Christian) names recorded in Europe between 500 and 1600, except lone fictional names.
Expanding into Eastern Europe; follow progress on the site's blog.
(English interface; interactive database)
Provided by the University of Texas Libraries.
(393 AD - 19th century; facsimiles)

From The Avalon Project

Administrative laws enacted under Clovis.
(ca. 500; English translation)
Oldest intact European book.
Digitized by the British Library.
(698 - 4th quarter of the 13th century; Latin facsimiles)
Considered to be the founding document of the Holy Roman Empire.
(802; English translation)
Division of the empire.
(817; English translation)
Subdivision of the central kingdom of the empire.
Marks the beginning of tension between Germany and France over border provinces.
(870; English translation)

1000-1500

An attempt by Henry IV to restrict feuds.
(1085: English translation)
Administrative laws for the Holy Roman Empire.
(1152-1157: English translation)
A multinational, multilingual collection of contemporary works on Mediterranean travel and trade.
A digitization project of the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas.
(1300-1800; facsimiles)
Collection of letters, newspapers, and other documents.
(15th - 18th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Sourcing given (fore, Christian) names recorded in Europe between 500 and 1600, except lone fictional names.
Expanding into Eastern Europe; follow progress on the site's blog.
(English interface; interactive database)
Search maps by year or by city.
(15th to 19th centuries; facsimiles)
Provided by the Jewish National and University Library.
Ketubbot are marriage contracts that provide rich source material on European Jewish history, customs and art.
Searchable by country.
(15th to 20th centuries; mostly Hebrew facsimiles, Hebrew interface)
Reflections of the hope and fear, anxiety and certainty, and protest and violence that shaped the modern world.
A digital exhibit of the Newberry Library, Chicago.
(1450-1700; Online books, images, maps and manuscripts)
A searchable full-text database of pre-modern European peace treaties.
Facsimiles digitized and database prepared by the Institute for European History in Mainz.
Select for advanced search.
(1451-1789; facsimiles in a searchable database; German interface)
Accounts of the toll which the king of Denmark levied on shipping through the Sound between Sweden and Denmark.
Important sources for research on economic and maritime trade history in Northern Europe.
(1497-1857; searchable datasets - registration may be required to view results)

1500-1900

Primary Source Material Collections Online for Early Modern History
(1500-1800; transcriptions in numerous languages, mostly German)

From the Internet Modern History Sourcebook

Collection of primary documents regarding absolutism in Spain, England, and France.
(16th - 17th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Collection of documents detailing English culture, politics, and religious groups.
(16th - 18th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Collection of documents from well-known thinkers of the Scientific Revolution.
(16th - 18th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
From The Avalon Project.
(16th to 19th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Books printed in Izmir, Constantinople, Thessaloniki, Amsterdam, Livorno, Jerusalem, and Venice.
Ability to search or browse by printing place or year.
About the collection.
From the Bulgarian State Archives.
(1520-1915; facsimiles, Bulgarian interface)
Transcription of the Council of Trent, an issue of numerous reform decrees in the Roman Catholic Church.
Can also be viewed by session.
Part of the Hanover Historical Texts Collection.
(1545-1563; transcription)
  • Mercurius Gallobelgicus
Printed periodicals first compiled by Machael ab Isselt, regarding events in Spain, France, the Netherlands, Italy, England, Germany, Poland, and other countries.
September 1592 edition
March 1594 edition
Autumn 1603 edition
(Latin)
Documents regarding naval history
See especially Naval History, Photos of Ships and Models, and Seamanship.
(17th to 19th centuries; transcriptions and translations in various languages)
A commonplace book contains a collection of significant or well-known passages that have been copied and organized in some way, often under topical or thematic headings, in order to serve as a memory aid or reference for the compiler.
(17th-19th century; Latin facsimiles)
Written by Friedrich Schiller.
Available in multiple formats from Project Gutenberg.
(1618-1648; English translation)
British Foreign Office translation at The Avalon Project
Treaty ending the Thirty Years War.
(24 October 1648, English translation)
Various volumes and editions based on Recueil des principaux traités d'alliance, de paix, de trêve, de neutralité, de commerce, de limites, d'échanges, etc. Conclus par les puissances de l'Europe... published by Dieterich in Göttingen.
English synopsis: "Collection of Major Treaties Drawn between Various European Countries... Regarding Such Matters as Alliances, Peace, Truces, Neutrality, Commerce, Borders, Monetary Exchange, etc."
(1771-1775; text searchable Google Print facsimiles in original languages of the treaties)
Collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(16th to 19th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(17th - 18th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Search Interface
Collaboration between Ludwig-Maximilians-University (Prof. Dr. Dietmar Peil) and the Bavarian State Library (Dr. Markus Brantl).
(17th and 18th centuries; searchable database of facsimiles)
Digital introduction to European industrial history; over 1,000 sites in 43 countries.
Available in German, Dutch, French, and English interface.
(18th to 21st centuries; facsimiles and commentary)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(18th - 19th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Collections of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(18th to 19th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Political gazettes of the 18th century, digitized along with letters and related materials.
(18th century; facsimile images)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(18th - 20th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(18th - 20th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(18th - 20th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
Scores of contemporary texts.
A digital archive of Stanford University Libraries
(1716-1897; scalable French-language facsimile texts)
Posters, portraits, technical images, cartoons, and other images of balloon flights and aeronautics in Europe.
Digitized from the collections of the Library of Congress.
(1773-1910; searchable database of facsimiles)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(19th - 20th centuries; transcriptions and translations)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(19th century; transcriptions and translations)
Book by Sir Augustus Henry Oakes including the text of the treaties.
(19th century; English facsimile)
Includes documents from the Hague and Geneva conventions.
From The Avalon Project.
(19th century to present; transcriptions and translations)
Accounts of travel in southeastern Europe.
From University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
(19th-20th century; English, French, and German transcriptions)
Posters from the campaign for women's votes
(19th-20th century; English facsimiles)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(19th century; transcriptions and translations)
Part of Philippe Vandermaelen's Atlas Universel
(1827; statistics and maps)
from the Marx & Engels Internet Archive
(1835-1895; English translations)
Large compilation of European primary documents. Topics include prelude to war, road to war, world at war, war poetry, home front, towards a conclusion and aftermath.
(1839-1919; English transcriptions and translations)
  • Writings of Karl Marx
Manifesto of the Communist Party
The Eastern Question
The Paris Commune
The Poverty of Philosophy
Value, Price & Profit
Wage-labor and Capital
(1840s-1850s; English translation facsimile)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(1848-1849; transcriptions and translations)
Treaty banning privateering and establishing maritime law.
(April 16, 1856; English)
Also called the First Geneva Convention. Second version from 1949.
(1864; English)
Treaty establishing General Postal Union.
(October 9, 1874; English)
Minutes from Great Powers conference sparked by uprisings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, April Uprising in Bulgaria, and war between Serbia and Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire.
To release Balkan tension, Great Powers ambassadors proposed border changes, including making Bosnia and most of Herzegovina one state, expanding Montenegro into southern Herzegovina and northern Albania.
Also strengthened Bulgarian aspirations for Bulgarian statehood restoration.
The Ottoman Sultan rejected the London Protocol (1877) 10 April 1877, which led to Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
(23 December 1876 - 20 January 1877; Bulgarian transcription)
Minutes from the Berlin Congress, where European countries made their "scramble for Africa," dividing the African continent amongst themselves.
(1885; Bulgarian transcription)
Over 3,500 hours of newsreels. May require other software download.
Preview files are free; higher resolution images require payment.
(1896-1970; video files)
Documents from The Avalon Project.
(1899 to present; transcriptions and translations)

1900-Present

Digitized manuscripts: scientific, non-scientific, and travel writings.
Search the archives for digitized documents.
(ca. 1901-1955; mostly German and English facsimiles)
Multipartite treaty concerning the guardianship of minors.
(French; 1902)
M. Edith Durham's account of travel describing early 20th century Balkan Peninsula.
From University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
(1905; English transcription)
Documenting events from before Sarajevo until after Versailles.
(pre-1914 to post-1918; translations and transcriptions)
Use right hand navigation bar to browse various documents.
(pre-1914-1918; English facsimiles and transcriptions)
Use right hand navigation bar to browse various documents.
(pre-1914-1918; English facsimiles and transcriptions)
Portal to a wealth of German resources from World War One.
Including digitized documents, images, films, audio files and genealogical aids.
Also contains galleries and panorama images.
Interface in German.
Diaries, treaties, communications.
(English transcriptions)
Digital Collection of the Library of Congress.
(1914-1926; facsimiles)
With direct links to digitized books and other valuable websites.
(1914-1918; English)
Also see the IWM's virtual exhbits.
(1914-1918; audio, photographs, facsimiles, English interface)
Includes first-hand and official accounts from WWI.
[Browse the collection http://www.europeana1914-1918.eu/en/explore].
Collection includes: letters, diaries, photographs, and films.
(1914-1918; facsimiles, images, videos, English interface)
Pre-1914
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
post-1919
(pre-1914 to post-1919; English transcriptions and translations)
(1914-1919; facsimiles, Russian transcriptions)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
(1914-1918; transcriptions and translations)
An archival research resource containing a vast collection of rare magazines by and for servicemen and women of all nations during the First World War.
(1914-1919; facsimiles; English interface)
Archives of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.
Also see extended archive search.
Collection highlights.
(1914-present; English)
To commemorate the centenary of the First World War, British Pathé has launched this definitive collection of films from that conflict. British Pathé holds one of the finest and most comprehensive WW1 archives in the world.
Compiled by British Pathé
Demetra Vaka (Mrs. Kenneth-Brown)'s account of travel describing early 20th century Balkan Peninsula.
From the University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
(1914; English transcription)
Sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Browsable by collections or by themes.
(1917-1991; facsimiles, transcriptions, and translations)
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace near Paris - hence its title - between Germany and the Allies.
(1918; video; English)
Interactive website including facsimiles and transcripts of important documents leading up to and during the Cold War.
From the National Archives
(1919-1991; English)

From the Internet Modern History Sourcebook

Covers from The Treaty of Versailles through the Depression in Europe and the U.S.
(1919-1933; transcriptions and translations)
Documents regarding European culture and political turmoil during the interwar period.
(1913 to 1957; transcriptions and translations)
Specifically provides documents about fascism in Italy and Spain.
(transcriptions and translations)
Collection of documents important to the rise of national socialism.
(1919-1939; transcriptions and translations)
About 260 full-text documents provided by Northwestern University Library.
Browse by title
(1919-1946; facsimiles and transcriptions in various languages)
United Nations Archive for the League of Nations.
Contains searchable database.
(Images, transcriptions, and commentary)
Collection of World War II historical documents.
(English; 1922-2012)
Documents from The Avalon Project.
(1922-1926; transcriptions and translations)
Dudley Heathcote's account of travel describing 20th century Balkan Peninsula.
From University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
(1925; English transcription)
The Locarno Treaties were meant to improve this tense post-war situation by reaching compromises in order to help prevent future wars.
(1925; English)
Also called the Geneva Protocol.
(February 8, 1928; English)
Over 200 of these war-era films have been digitized by IULMIA and are available for streaming viewing.
(film)
Treaties, Declarations, Instruments of Surrender, and similar documents from World War II.
Documents categorized by year.
(Pre-War period to 1945; transcriptions)
Collection of documents regarding intelligence issues during the Cold War.
Most documents come from Soviet bloc countries' archives, especially Bulgarian intelligence records.
Part of the Wilson Center's Digital Archive of the Cold War.
(1930-2007; transcriptions and facsimiles)
Includes Treaties of Paris, Rome, Maastricht, Amsterdam, and many others.
Large, up-to-date collection.
(1930 to present; transcriptions and numerous translations)
"Chronological history of certain major international events leading up to and during World War II with the ostensible reasons advanced for their occurrence."
(1931-1944; transcription)
First-hand accounts from Holocaust survivors. Click on an survivor's face on the star to read and listen to their accounts and view photos.
(30 January 1933 - 8 May 1945; photos, English and German)
Use right-hand menu to navigate through related documents and images from Nazi death camps in Poland.
(1933-1945; English interface, German facsimiles)
See especially The British War Blue Book, French Diplomatic Documents, and Nazi-Soviet Relations.
(1938-1945; English translations)
Part of The Avalon Project.
(1938 to 1947; transcriptions and English translations)
Also includes videos, images. Browse various collections.
(1939-1945; Dutch interface, facsimiles, videos, and images)
A collection of primary documents from the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
Documents from pre-war and post-war periods, as well.
(1939-1945; transcriptions and translations)
Links to over 400 WWII archives.
(1939-1945; Dutch interface)
Webpage of journalists, photographers and broadcasters during WWII.
(1939-1945; English; facsimiles and photos)
Direct links to other webpages focused on posters and propaganda from the Second World War
(1939-1945)
A comprehensive collection selected by British Pathé of the key events that took place.
Compiled by British Pathé
(1939-1946; videos; English interface)
Collection of documents regarding international relations during the years just following World War II.
Part of the Wilson Center's Digital Archive of the Cold War.
(1939-1950; English transcriptions)
Search
(1939-1945; Images, Dutch interface)
Database includes records and oral accounts of Nazi and Coomunist regimes in Europe during the 20th century.
Browse historical events in the database chronologically.
Browse historical events in the database alphabetically.
(1939-2009; English interface, Russian audio)
With direct links to digitized books and other valuable websites.
(1939-1945; English)
This collection of primary source documents discusses international relations during World War II and the years shortly after. It begins with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed in 1939 and ends with documents from the 1950’s.
(1939-1950s; English facsimiles or transcriptions)
From the New York Public Library
(1930s-1940s; facsimiles; English, French and German)
An online database of day-by-day orders of battle and information about hundreds of division, brigade, and regiment-sized units in World War II.
(English)
To his readers, Ernie Pyle was a master of telling the story of the little guy, of describing the fears and daily strife of soldiers fighting in World War II.
(1940-1945; English transcript and audio)
Documents from The Avalon Project.
(1941 to present; transcriptions and translations)
Includes official documents as well as other texts and agreements.
(1941 to present; transcriptions)
Encyclopaedia Britannica's guide to the Normandy invasion of 1944.
Includes oral histories from veterans; newsreels and combat footage, and photographs.
(1943-1944; transcriptions, audio, video, images, commentaries)
Documents provided by Eisenhower Presidential Library.
(1943-1944; facsimiles and photos)
Photographic collection of documents relating to D-Day.
(1944; images and French-language descriptions)
Photographs from the United Kingdom and France during the D-Day period.
(1944; images and descriptions)
On June 6, 1944, allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, France to fight Nazi Germany
From the Smithsonian
(1944; English; video)
Daily battle communiques from Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Europe (SHAEF).
Searchable database with full-text facsimiles.
(6 June 1944 to 8 May 1945; text-searchable facsimiles)
See also, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1917–1972
(pre-1945-1991; English; facsimiles)
8 May 2015 marks seventy years since the end of World War Two in Europe. In honour of this British Pathé is presenting its archive material related to VE day on a single navigable page for the first time.
Compiled by British Pathe
(8 May 1945; English; video)
Includes links to digitized documents, including letters, journal entries, telegrams, etc.
(1945-1951; English; facsimiles)
George C. Marshall Foundation in cooperation with Google Cultural Institute
(1945-1947; photographs, posters, images of documents)
  • Foreign relations between Europe and the US
Documents from US State Department and University of Wisconsin-Madison.
The Conference of Berlin (Postdam Conference)
Briefing book on foreign affairs of European countries
General European questions and recommendations
European issues
International Communism
(17 July to 2 August 1945; English transcriptions)
Council of foreign ministers
First session, London, 11 September 1945-2 October 1945
Moscow, 16-26 December 1945
Second session, part one, Paris 25 April-16 May 1946
Second session, part two, Paris 15 June-12 July 1946
Third session, New York, 4 November-12 December 1946
1947
1949
Protecting historic and artistic monuments in war areas, 1945
Postwar mine clearance in European waters, 1945
Establishing international administration for European inland waterways, 1945
US concern for displaced and stateless persons and refugees, 1945
European Inland Transport Conference
Includes formation of the European Inland Transport Organization.
(10 October 1944-27 September 1945)
Establishing the European Coal Organization, 1945
US participation in European Advisory Commission, 1945
US Foreign Assistance
Financial program for war-devastated and liberated countries, 1946
Discussion about world food shortage, 1946
1947
1948
1949
1953
Paris Peace Conference, 29 July-15 October 1946
Proceedings
Documents
General US-Europe relations, 1946
1946
1947
US relations with Eastern Europe
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
US trade policy, 1951
1952-1954
1955-1957
1958-1960
1961-1963
1964-1968
1968-1973
1973-1977
US relations with Western Europe
1947
1949
1950
1951
1952-1954
Economic growth, 1958-1960
1964-1968
1969-1973
US foreign relations in atomic energy developments
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
Political and economic integration, 1955-1957
Discussion of CoCom issues
25 August 1952
22 September 1952
The US and Western European Security, 1952-1954
Part 1
Part 2
Special report by US psychological board, 11 September 1953
US security estimate of world through 1955; 23 October 1953
US Immigration policy, especially for Iron Curtain refugees; 1952 to 16 November 1954
European chiefs of mission meetings, 1955 and 1957
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, 1969-1972
US documents on European Security, 1969-1977
(1945-1977; English transcriptions)
(1945; English transcription)
This recording of the May 4 broadcast is from Disk 3.
There is some dropout at times, which is on the original recording.
(April-May 1945; audio files)
Both legal and political documents, searchable by year.
(1945 to present; English transcriptions)
A compilation of documents on the history and institutions of the European Union.
Main focus on European Integration studies.
French or English interface.
(1945 to present; French and English transcriptions facsimiles, audio, video, cartoons, interviews, interactive maps and diagrams)
Documents from The Avalon Project arranged chronologically.
(1945 to present; transcriptions and translations)
Digitally remastered from the original KSD studio recording master disks.
This removed scratches and heavy surface noise typical of 78-RPM records, balancing artifact generation against quality of the original recording.
There were 3 disks to the set. The recordings are only of disks 2 and 3.
Disk 1 contained the commentary of Charles G. Ross, contributing editor of the St. Louis Post Dispatch.
This recording of the April 27 broadcast begins with disk 2 at the end of Mr. Ross's commentary.
Access to official European Union documents, as well as related research materials.
Provided by the University of Pittsburgh.
Searchable by year and by country.
(1946 to present; transcriptions)
UN record of Security Council Resolutions by year.
(1946-Present; English)
Churchill's speech popularizing the notion of the "iron curtain." Delivered at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.
From the Selected Speeches of Winston Churchill.
(March 5, 1946; transcription, audio, and video)
The Cold War International History Project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former "Communist bloc" with the historiography of the Cold War.
(1947-1991)
See also the Online Document Archive
The Cold War Studies program at Harvard University's Davis Center promotes archival research in former East-bloc countries and seeks to expand and enrich what is known about Cold War events and themes.
(1947-1991; English)
Part of The Avalon Project.
(1948-1955; transcriptions)
Second Geneva Convention.
(1949; English)
Third Geneva Convention.
(1949; English)
Fourth Geneva Convention.
(1949; English)
An exhibition of the Library of Congress.
(Photographs, facsimiles, translations, and transcriptions)
Footage selected by British Pathé related to post-WW2 war crimes trials in Europe.
Compiled by British Pathe
(post-WWII; English; videos)
Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.
(1948; English transcription)
This is a collection of declassified documents pertaining to Radio Free Europe (RFE) and Radio Liberty (RL) – Radios which were overseen and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency until 1971, funded there after by open Congressional appropriation, and merged in 1976 as RFE/RL, Inc.
See also CWIHP e-Dossier No. 32 and e-Dossier No. 59 for more information, as well as related collections Intelligence Operations in the Cold War, and Mass Media and Censorship.
(1948-1989; English interface; facsimiles or transcriptions)
Organized by year.
(1949 to present; transcriptions)
Interactive PDF created by Anne Burnett.
Includes annotated hyperlinks to documents of Council of Europe institutions and entities (see pp. 10-11)
(1949 to present; search portal)
Documents released by the National Security Archive]
Collection of 23 documents about both NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Provided by The National Security Archive at George Washington University.
(1952 to present; transcriptions and translations)
Presented by the Hellenic Resources Network.
(4 November 1950; English version)
Basic data available by year for each country.
(1950-present; English)
Minutes, debates and videos.
(Transcriptions and streaming video)
Menu-driven database search for a myriad of documents.
(Transcriptions and other document forms)
Visual documentation of the European Union, particularly its parliament.
(Contemporary history; video clips, online interviews, etc.)
Documents of the WEU, a predecessor unit of the European Union, from 1955 to 2010.
(1954 to present; transcriptions)
The Geneva Conference of 1954 was an international meeting in Switzerland involving the Soviet Union, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China and the Viet Minh. The powers involved attempted to negotiate a settlement to end the conflict in Indochina and re-unify Vietnam.
From the Wilson Center Digital Archive
(1954; English interface)
Declassified military materials from the Communist Bloc.
Includes records from the Warsaw Pact, NATO, and Cold War Crises.
(1955-1989; facsimiles, transcriptions, and translations)
Documents from the Wilson Center Digital Archive on military cooperation and shared exercises among the Warsaw Pact states. See also the general Warsaw Pact collection and the related collections in the Nuclear Proliferation International History Project.
(1955-1988; English)
Or the Treaty of Rome. Creation of the European Economic Community
(1957; English)
Translated crypto messages sent between Radio Free Europe United States New York and Munich headquarters.
From the OSA Digital Repository.
(1960-1973; English translations)
President's Daily Brief (PDB) 1961-1968.
Search by country to view related reports.
(1961-1968; English facsimiles)
Includes international as well as European treaties.
(1963-1995; English transcriptions)
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons...is an international treaty developed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons technology. Between 1965 and 1968, the treaty was negotiated by the United Nation's Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament.
See also Nuclear Proliferation
From the Wilson Center Digital Archive
(1963-1988; English, Italian, French, etc.; transcriptions and facsimiles)
The release of Cold War-era Soviet and East European documents on war plans and nuclear planning raises questions about U.S. war planning during the same period.
From the National Security Archive
(1963-1964; English PDFs)
Collection of 15 documents from the conference that concluded with the signing of the Helsinki Final Act.
Topics addressed include European security, the Soviet desire to maintain control over the Eastern bloc, and the needs of the Warsaw Pact countries.
Part of the Wilson Center's Digital Archive of the Cold War.
(1968-1976; English transcriptions and facsimiles)
Current and archival reports on public opinion polls sponsored by the European Commission.
(1973 to present; data files)
Pamphlets from both pro- and anti-nuclear organizations published during the 1980 period of rising tensions and the decline of déténte.
From the Wilson Center Digital Archive
(1979-1988; English; facsimiles)
Surveys about religion and morality, politics, work and leisure, and relationships.
(1981 to present; survey results)
Collection of documents regarding the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting changes in Eastern Europe and elsewhere.
Part of the Wilson Center's Digital Archive of the Cold War.
(1986-1990; English transcriptions and facsimiles)
Documents relating to the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Organized by pertinent country.
(1989; English translations)
Digital library: Footage of events happening around the Soviet Union at the time of the fall
Compiled by AP Archive
(1989; English and other languages; videos)
Treaty between all NATO and Warsaw Pact nations.
(November 19, 1990; English)
Includes press releases, speeches, newsletters, meeting agendas, and other documents under "Information Resources."
Search publications by year or language.
(1991 to present; transcriptions)
From the project, A Day That Shook the World, which "recalls the days of the 20th century that proved to be era-defining and pivotal in the course of modern history."
Coproduction of British Pathe and BBC
(1991; English; videos)
An interactive database on quality of life in Europe with some longitudinal data available.
(1990s to present; searchable datasets)
Includes online papers of institutes ranging from the Max Planck Institute to the Harvard Law School.
(1993 to present; transcriptions)
Publications on various policy topics available for viewing in PDF format.
(1995 to present; transcriptions)
Full text searching of United Nations Educations, Scientific, and Cultural Organization documents.
(1995 to present; transcriptions)
Speech given at the White House as part of the Millennium Lecture series.
Part of the Great Speeches Collection by The History Place.
(12 April 1999; English transcription and audio)
(December 2000, signed 26 February 2001; English transcription)
System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe.
Covers pure and applied science and technology, economics, other sciences and humanities.
Available in French and English interface.
(Transcriptions in various languages)
Data from cross-national survey in Europe conducted since 2001, read more about the survey here.
ESS publications of findings are found here.
Browse results of surveys by year, theme, and country.
Ability to download the data and view questionnaires from the European Social Survey (ESS).
Use the ESS Cumulative Data Wizard to download a custom dataset.
Survey methodology of the European Social Survey (ESS) found here.
(2001 - present; English interface, questionnaires in country-specific languages)
Searchable database of the latest press releases from the EU and the European Commission.
(2005 to present; transcriptions in various languages)
Includes all documents produced by the EESC, searchable with an opinion search tool.
(2005 to present; transcripts and translations)
Council of Europe Convention. Finally, with the Istanbul Convention, Europe is equipped with legally binding instruments to combat domestic violence and violence targeting women.
(2011; English transcription)
Eurostat population demographics as reported in CityLab.
(2017; maps and charts)
Websites published by political parties, NGOs and activist groups, cultural collectives, artists, historians, etc.
Collected by the Ivy-Plus Libraries Confederation.
(2018 to the present; archived websites in various languages)

Special Collections

See featured documents.
Browse by topic, though not every entry has a digital facsimile, there is ability on left-hand side to select only records with a digital facsimile.
Browse insitutions.
(Facsimiles in multiple languages, English interface)
A European digital library combining many information resources.
Exhibitions
(Facsimiles, transcriptions, images, and more)
Footage selected by British Pathé chronicling the history of the European Union.
Compiled by British Pathe
(videos)
(Transcriptions)
See especially Basic Documents and Archives.
Provided by the Center for European Studies.
(transcriptions)
Documents available for download
(English)
An international project virtually reuniting YIVO’s prewar library and archival collections located in New York City and Vilnius, Lithuania.
Millions of digitized pages of materials that survived the Holocaust in a Catholic church basement In Vilnius.
Excellent sources for the study of Eastern European Jewry.
A joint project of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, the Lithuanian Central State Archives, the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, and the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
(Various types of artifacts and documents in Yiddish, Hebrew and various European languages; English-language interface)
Open access to works of mainly European legal history and theory.
Browse by Authors or Timeline.
(11th to 20th centuries; Latin, German, English and other languages in facsimile)
  • Women's History Sourcebook
Early Modern Europe
Modern Europe
Includes great women, women's oppression, the structure of women's lives, etc.
(English translations)
Country-by-country information regarding questions of asylum, immigration, and political protection.
Also includes general country information in a number of quality-of-life categories.
A clickable map to flags at national, subnational, and local levels, plus maritime and other historical flags.
Select "show flag" under map of Europe and hover over country to view flag.
(Facsimiles and commentaries)
Includes international treaties, laws, and legal codes.
(Transcriptions and translations)
A major digital library of the European Union.
(Facsimiles, transcriptions, images, videos, and more in multilingual interfaces)
Contains all types of United Nations documentation. Does not contain sales publications or press releases.
(transcriptions; available in multiple languages)
Hundreds of thousands of items from across Europe on the topic of Migration to, from and within Europe.
(Texts, images, videos, sound recordings and 3D objects)
With access to digital collections from most nations of Europe.
(Facsimiles, transcriptions, images, and more)
European page of the World Documents Library.
(photos; facsimiles)
Archive primarily focused on the Cold War and severe human rights violations.
(English)
Footage related to various topics in European history.
(videos with English commentary)
Information on and Primary Documents from Anti-Revisionist Movements, Organizations and Parties by Country
See also Anti-Revisionist Periodicals, Magazines and Newspapers by Country
(English)
Official EU data portal, providing a wide range of EU-level data enabling comparisons between European countries and other regions.
Statistics also organized by nine primary themes.
(Transcriptions and interactive charts)

Official Documents of the European Union:

Primary English-language access; other languages available. Also includes historical EC documents.
(Transcriptions available in several languages)
Legal texts and documentation.
(Transcriptions available in several languages)
A large digital library of Marxist and Marxist texts. Includes photographs
(Italian)
Includes digital facsimiles of manuscripts, old printings, and newspapers.
(German interface)
Links to free newspaper archives of various European countries.
(English interface)
Collections of treaties, international agreements, case-law, and other similar documents.
Interface available in 23 languages, including English.
(Transcriptions)
Minutes, debates and videos.
(Transcriptions and streaming video)
Menu-driven database search for a myriad of documents.
(Transcriptions and other document forms)
Visual documentation of the European Union, particularly its parliament.
(Contemporary history; video clips, online interviews, etc.)
From the United Nations Peace Agreements Database.
(1897-present; transcriptions in various European languages plus Arabic and Chinese)
Document collection of PACE: Assembly public documents and working documents.
(English and French)
Includes facsimiles of )) manuscripts and ,QueryString:newspaper,ResultSize:-1,ScenarioCode:GALERIE,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-vignet,SearchContext:0,SearchLabel:,SearchTerms:newspapers,SortField:!n,TemplateParams:(Scenario:,Scope:BELGICA,Size:!n,Source:,Support:),UseSpellChecking:!n)) newspapers.
(French interface)
Including country-by-country lists of online legal resources.
Provided by New York University's Law Library.
(Translations and transcriptions)
Includes treaties, legislation, and documents.
Provided by the T.M.C. Asser Institute.
(Transcriptions, mostly English)
Images of currency from various countries in Eastern Europe.
A source for current events affecting Europe as a whole and individual European countries.
Available in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, or Russian.
(Transcriptions and videos)
Pages for every country in Europe, each including sources related to the history of politics, religion, territory, etc.
(German interface)
Includes: Manuscripts, Archives, and Letters as well as texts, online exhibitions and images.
(Facsimiles in various languages)
Documents provided by the University of Virginia.
(facsimiles)
From the Institut für europäische Geschichte (Mainz, Germany).
(Facsimiles and textual commentaries)
Take a journey through the personal, political and economic struggles that have symbolised women's battle for equality over the past 500 years, through a representative selection of the broad range of materials.
(English; facsimiles and photos)
Database of Eastern European history.
(German interface, facsimiles)
Links to genealogy sources of Eastern Europe.
Includes groupings by country, ethnic groups, and regions.
(English interface)
Collection of national anthems.
(transcriptions and translations)
Collection of European Source documents. Provided by Czech National Library with EU support. Primarily central European documents.
(facsimiles)
From the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
(Transcriptions & translations)
Easy to search for maps from specific regions on the interactive map.
See specifically the Historic Europe maps.
(Facsimiles)
This NARA finding guide leads to primary and secondary documentation.
It includes recently declassified information.
Browse by subject headings.
A web treasure of the National Yiddish Book Center
(Yiddish-language book facsimiles)
Photo exhibit. Centropa is a non-profit, Jewish historical institute dedicated to preserving 20th century Jewish family stories and photos from Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
(photos; English, German or Magyar)
European Jewish Photo Database
Browse photos, accompanied with survivor stories, by country.
(photos, English translations)
Centropa: Oral Jewish History
Includes database of interviews.
Explore the database by family name, country. Also includes a photo database. Advanced search also available.
(photos, English translations)
An online linguistic and cultural atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry with an interactive map of spoken samples
[Audio samples, over 6,000 hours]
An online collection of Yiddish documents, music, voice recordings, and so forth.
Database access to Jewish newspapers by location, language, and title.
(19th century to present day; facsimile newspaper images)



EuroDocs > History of Europe as a Supranational Region: Primary Documents


See Also: European Sources by Topic

EuroDocs Creator: Richard Hacken, European Studies Librarian,
Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Feel free to get in touch: eurodocs @ byu.edu